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Three Languages

July 13, 2024 / / 0 Comments

Before I show you my (albeit pitiful) attempt to create my version of a political spectrum model, I want to share with everyone a fantastic book by Arnold Kling. It is entitled “The Three Languages of Politics – Talking Across the Political Divides” and can be obtained free from the Cato institute at https://cdn.cato.org/libertarianismdotorg/books/ThreeLanguagesOfPolitics.pdf or purchased from Amazon at https://www.amazon.com/Three-Languages-Politics-Talking-Political/dp/1944424466 .

The reason I bring this up is that it explains the perspective I have used in creating my model. In many ways this book is similar to Thomas Sowell’s book “Conflict of Visions” available from Amazon at https://www.amazon.com/Conflict-Visions-Ideological-Political-Struggles/dp/0465002056 .

Sowell breaks down the origins of political thought to today’s conservative and liberal views. Kling takes it further by identifying the different languages used by each group.

Kling divides the factions into:

  • Libertarian (L)
  • Conservative (C)
  • and, Progressive (P)

Each circle of believers has language that is based on their origins in history. From the book:

“(P) My heroes are people who have stood up for the underprivileged. The people I cannot stand are the people who
are indifferent to the oppression of women, minorities, and
the poor.
(C) My heroes are people who have stood up for Western
values. The people I cannot stand are the people who are
indifferent to the assault on the moral virtues and traditions
that are the foundation for our civilization.
The Nature of Political Arguments
(L) My heroes are people who have stood up for individual rights. The people I cannot stand are the people who
are indifferent to government taking away people’s ability to
make their own choices.
The central claim of this book is that (P) is the language of
progressives, (C) is the language of conservatives, and (L) is the
language of libertarians. If the theory is correct, then someone
who chooses (P) tends to identify with progressives, someone
who chooses (C) tends to identify with conservatives, and
someone who chooses (L) tends to identify with libertarians.
I call this the three-axes model of political communication.
A progressive will communicate along the oppressor-oppressed
axis, framing issues in terms of the (P) dichotomy. A conservative will communicate along the civilization-barbarism axis,
framing issues in terms of the (C) dichotomy. A libertarian
will communicate along the liberty-coercion axis, framing
issues in terms of the (L) dichotomy.”

Alan Kling, “The Three Languages of Politics – Talking Across the Political Divides“, page 16.

From this analysis I can claim to write from the (L) view.

Before I present my model, a short break to cover a few more logical fallacies and cognitive biases….

Image by Freepik

Nolan Chart Normal

A Short Quiz…

July 4, 2024 / / 0 Comments

Advocates For Self-Government | World’s Smallest Political Quiz

The Libertarian “Shortest Political Quiz” is a 10-question quiz designed to gauge a person’s political leanings on two axes:

  1. Personal Issues: This measures how much government control a person believes is appropriate over social and personal matters (e.g., drug use, marriage, free speech).
  2. Economic Issues: This measures how much government control a person believes is appropriate over the economy (e.g., taxation, regulation, welfare).

How It Works

Each question presents two opposing statements, and you choose the one that aligns more closely with your views. Based on your answers, you’re placed in one of five categories:

  • Libertarian: High on personal freedom and economic freedom (minimal government intervention in both areas).
  • Left-Liberal (Progressive): High on personal freedom, low on economic freedom (support social freedoms but favor government intervention in the economy).
  • Centrist (Moderate): A mix of views, generally supporting some government intervention in both areas.
  • Right-Conservative: Low on personal freedom, high on economic freedom (favor traditional values and limited economic regulation).
  • Statist (Authoritarian): Low on both personal and economic freedom (support significant government control in both areas).

Your answers place you on a diamond shaped grid, based on the “Nolan Chart” after its’ creator, David Nolan.

Purpose and Criticism

The quiz is meant to be a quick and simple way to understand where you might fall on the political spectrum. However, it’s been criticized for oversimplifying complex issues and not capturing the nuances of political beliefs. It also focuses primarily on the American political context, so it may not be as applicable to other countries.

Where to Find It

The Libertarian “Shortest Political Quiz” can be found on the website of the Advocates for Self-Government, a libertarian organization.

Josh Hanks Shifting Sands

The Shifting Sands of “Conservative” and “Liberal”: A Global Perspective

June 30, 2024 / / 0 Comments

The terms “conservative” and “liberal” are cornerstones of political discourse. Yet, their meanings are far from static. They evolve across time, geography, and cultural context. Let’s delve into how these labels have morphed and what they represent in different parts of the world today.

A Brief Historical Overview

  • 18th-19th Centuries: The terms emerged during the Age of Enlightenment. “Conservatives” often favored tradition, monarchy, and established religious institutions. “Liberals” championed individual rights, limited government, and free markets.
  • 20th Century: The labels became more closely associated with economic systems. “Conservatives” generally supported capitalism and less government intervention, while “Liberals” leaned towards social welfare programs and regulations.
  • Today: The lines have blurred considerably. Both labels encompass a wide range of views on social, economic, and environmental issues.

Cultural Variations: A Snapshot

The meaning of “conservative” and “liberal” can vary dramatically depending on where you are in the world:

  • United States:
    • Conservatives: Often emphasize individual liberty, limited government, traditional family values, and a strong national defense. They may oppose abortion, same-sex marriage, and gun control.
    • Liberals: Generally support social justice, environmental protection, and government intervention to address inequality. They tend to favor abortion rights, LGBTQ+ rights, and stricter gun laws.
  • Europe:
    • Conservatives: Can range from fiscal conservatives focused on economic stability to social conservatives who uphold traditional values. Some European conservative parties may be more supportive of social welfare programs than their American counterparts.
    • Liberals: Prioritize individual freedoms, secularism, and multiculturalism. They often support environmental protection, social justice initiatives, and a stronger European Union.
  • Asia:
    • Conservatives: Often emphasize cultural traditions, family values, and respect for authority. They may be wary of rapid social change and Western influence.
    • Liberals: Tend to advocate for modernization, economic development, and individual rights. They may be more open to Western ideas and cultural exchange.

Key Takeaways

  • Dynamic Labels: “Conservative” and “liberal” are not fixed ideologies. They are constantly evolving and adapting to new challenges and cultural contexts.
  • Context is Key: The meaning of these labels can differ significantly depending on the country, region, or even the specific issue being discussed.
  • Beyond the Binary: Many individuals hold views that don’t fit neatly into either category. The political spectrum is far more complex than a simple left-right divide.

The Way Forward: Embracing Nuance

Instead of getting bogged down in rigid definitions, let’s strive for a more nuanced understanding of political labels. Let’s engage in respectful dialogue, challenge assumptions, and recognize the diversity of thought that exists within both “conservative” and “liberal” camps. By doing so, we can foster a more inclusive and informed political discourse.

Bill Rights 27449083

An Alternative View

June 25, 2024 / / 0 Comments

A political continuum from statist/totalitarian to anarchy represents the spectrum of governmental control and individual liberty.

Statist/Totalitarian (Extreme Government Control):

  • Government has total control over all aspects of public and private life.
  • Individual liberties are severely restricted or nonexistent.
  • Examples: North Korea, historical examples like Nazi Germany, China and the Soviet Union.

Authoritarian:

  • Strong central power with limited political freedoms.
  • Government controls key aspects of society and restricts dissent.
  • Examples: China, Russia, several Middle Eastern states.

Statist:

  • Government plays a significant role in the economy and social welfare.
  • Individual liberties are sometimes protected, but the state intervenes in most aspects of life.
  • Examples: France, Sweden, modern-day United States.

Libertarian:

  • Government’s role is limited to protecting individual rights and providing essential services.
  • Emphasis on free markets, voluntary interactions, and individual liberty.
  • Examples: No perfect examples exist, but some libertarian elements can be found in countries like Switzerland or Singapore.

Minarchist:

  • Minimal government, focused on protecting individual rights and enforcing contracts.
  • Emphasis on self-governance and voluntary cooperation.
  • Examples: No real-world examples, but a theoretical concept favored by some libertarians.

Anarchy (No Government Control):

  • Complete absence of government or centralized authority.
  • Society functions through voluntary cooperation and individual autonomy.
  • Examples: No long-lasting examples in modern times, but some historical examples of temporary anarchic societies exist.

This continuum is not always linear and can be multidimensional, considering factors like economic and social freedoms. Additionally, real-world political systems rarely fit perfectly into any single category, often exhibiting elements from multiple points on the spectrum.

Defining Political Spectrum Radical To Reactionary Political Spectrum Left Right 266973113

Left to Right

June 25, 2024 / / 0 Comments

The left-right political spectrum is a overly simplified model for classifying political ideologies and positions, primarily based on views about social equality and hierarchy, economic systems, and the role of government. It’s important to note that this is a very broad categorization, and individual views rarely fit neatly into these categories.

The Left:

  • Core values: Social equality, progress, social justice, government intervention to address inequality, welfare programs, environmental protection, internationalism.
  • Economic views: Tend to favor more regulation of the economy, higher taxes on the wealthy, social programs to address poverty and inequality, and sometimes, government ownership of key industries.
  • Social views: Advocate for equal rights and opportunities for all groups, often supporting progressive causes like LGBTQ+ rights, abortion rights, environmentalism, and multiculturalism.
  • Examples of ideologies: Socialism, social democracy, progressivism, left-libertarianism, anarchism, communism.

The Center:

  • Core values: A mix of left and right values, pragmatism, moderation, compromise, incremental change.
  • Economic views: A mix of free market principles and government intervention, aiming for a balance between economic growth and social welfare.
  • Social views: Can vary, often holding moderate views on social issues, emphasizing individual liberty and social responsibility.
  • Examples of ideologies: Centrism, Third Way, moderate conservatism, moderate liberalism.

The Right:

  • Core values: Social hierarchy, tradition, order, individual liberty, free markets, limited government intervention.
  • Economic views: Tend to favor free market capitalism, lower taxes, deregulation, and limited social programs.
  • Social views: Often emphasize traditional values, individual responsibility, and a strong national identity. May be skeptical of government intervention in social issues and advocate for stricter law and order policies.
  • Examples of ideologies: Conservatism, libertarianism, neoliberalism, nationalism, fascism (in extreme cases).

Important Considerations:

  • Complexity: People’s views rarely fit neatly into these categories, and they can vary depending on the specific issue. For example, someone might be economically conservative but socially liberal.
  • Cultural Differences: The meaning of “left” and “right” can vary across cultures and historical contexts.
  • Evolution: Political ideologies are not static; they develop over time and in response to changing circumstances.

Problems with this Model:

  • Core values don’t match examples
  • Economic views don’t match examples
  • Left, right, liberal and conservative have changed over time (as noted above)
  • This spectrum does not allow for libertarian thought
  • Outright philosophical contradictions

Left Examples:

  • Socialism and Communism, both far left ideologies, are historically bad with environmental protection, multiculturism and addressing inequalities.
  • Anarchism is does not really fit the definition of either right or left ideologies
  • Socialism and Communism, both, have a tendency toward centralized control of the economy and the means of production.

On the Right:

  • Fascism is a far cry from individual liberty, free markets and limited government intervention.
  • Corporatism is major component of nationalism, yet contradicts with free markets and is not shown on the left to right continuum.
Vizzini The Princess Bride Mike Scott

Issues

June 22, 2024 / / 0 Comments

“Inconceivable”

“You keep using that word.  I do not think it means what you think it means.”

The Princess Bride

Just like the exchange between Vizzini and Inigo in the Princess Bride, there are many words in use today where the speaker does not know the meaning of the words.  Lay it at the feet of multiple issues from the lack of proper education in our schools to the misuses of social media.

Most misused words:

  • Far Right & Left
  • Fascism
  • Socialism
  • Capitalism
  • Democracy
  • Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
  • Wokeness
  • Christian Nationalism
  • Freedom
  • Liberalism
  • Woman & Man (surprised?)
  • Racist

In this series, we will:

  • Review actual definitions versus current misuse
  • Examine the far right and left spectrum and propose something different
  • Compare and contrast anarchy and totalitarianism
  • How has social and main stream media perpetuated these errors?
  • Do the platforms and actions of both major political parties line up with any of these definitions?
  • Analyze how the political spectrum has shifted over time in relationship to political parties
Spock Quotes Logic Is The Beginning

Logic

June 22, 2024 / / 0 Comments

Mind Your Logic: Unmasking the Tricks of Appeal to Emotion and False Cause

Our minds are wired to seek patterns and to be swayed by emotions. While both of these tendencies can be useful, they can also lead us astray when it comes to rational thinking. In this post, we’ll expose two common logical fallacies that exploit these tendencies: the appeal to emotion and the false cause.

Appeal to Emotion: Tugging at the Heartstrings (and Logic)

The appeal to emotion fallacy occurs when someone tries to win an argument by manipulating emotions, rather than presenting valid evidence or reasoning. It’s a way to bypass logic and get a gut-level reaction.

Here are a few examples of appeal to emotion:

  • The Sad Puppy Ad: A commercial for animal shelters shows sad, lonely dogs in cages, hoping to make you feel guilty enough to adopt one. While a good cause, this is a classic appeal to pity.
  • The Fear-Mongering Politician: A political candidate talks about the dangers of the “other side” winning, using scary language and imagery to stoke fear, rather than focusing on policy differences.
  • The Guilt-Tripping Parent: A parent tells their child, “If you don’t eat your vegetables, there are starving children who would be happy to have them.” This tactic tries to make the child feel guilty instead of explaining the nutritional benefits of the vegetables.

While emotions are a valid part of human experience, they shouldn’t be the sole basis for decision-making. When you encounter an appeal to emotion, take a step back and ask yourself: “What are the facts? What is the evidence? Are the emotions being used to distract me from the actual argument?”

False Cause (Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc): Mistaking Correlation for Causation

This Latin phrase translates to “after this, therefore because of this.” The false cause fallacy is the incorrect assumption that because one event happened after another, the first event must have caused the second.

Let’s look at some examples of false cause fallacies:

  • Superstitions: “Every time I wear my lucky socks, my team wins. Therefore, my socks cause them to win.” (While fun, this ignores all the other factors that influence a game’s outcome.)
  • Medical Claims: “I started taking this new supplement, and my cold went away. The supplement cured me!” (This could be a coincidence, or the cold simply ran its course.)
  • Economic Assumptions: “Unemployment went up after the new president was elected. Clearly, the president’s policies caused the increase.” (This could be true, but many other factors could be at play.)

It’s crucial to remember that correlation does not equal causation. To establish a causal relationship, we need more than just a sequence of events. We need to consider other variables, look for scientific evidence, and rule out alternative explanations.

Think Critically, Not Emotionally

Appeal to emotion and false cause are just two of many logical fallacies that can cloud our judgment. By becoming aware of these tactics, we can better assess arguments based on their merits, rather than being swayed by emotional manipulation or jumping to conclusions based on coincidence. Always ask yourself: “Is this a valid argument, or is it just a trick of the mind?”

Graffiti Stairs Illusion

Mind Tricks

June 22, 2024 / / 0 Comments

Mind Tricks: How Availability and Confirmation Biases Shape Our Thinking

Our minds are marvels of efficiency, constantly processing vast amounts of information. To handle this complexity, we use mental shortcuts called heuristics. While often helpful, these shortcuts can lead to biases – predictable patterns of thinking that can steer us off course. Today, we’ll shine a light on two prevalent cognitive biases: the availability heuristic and confirmation bias.

Availability Heuristic: What’s on Your Mind?

The availability heuristic is our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples of that event come to mind. In other words, if something is easily remembered or imagined, we tend to overestimate its probability.

Let’s see how this plays out:

  • Fear of Flying: Airplane crashes are rare, but they get widespread media coverage, making them vivid in our minds. This leads many to overestimate the dangers of flying and choose driving, even though statistically it’s far more dangerous.
  • The Illusion of Crime Waves: After watching a few news stories about burglaries in your neighborhood, you might start feeling unsafe, even if the crime rate is actually low.
  • Overestimating Your Contributions: In a team project, it’s easy to remember all the work you did and overlook the contributions of others. This can lead to conflict and resentment.

The availability heuristic can make us disproportionately afraid of unlikely events and blind to more common, but less dramatic, risks.

Confirmation Bias: Seeking Agreement

Confirmation bias is our tendency to search for, interpret, and recall information in a way that confirms our preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. We often unconsciously filter out information that contradicts our views, creating a self-reinforcing echo chamber.

Consider these examples:

  • Political Debates: People on opposing sides of an issue will often interpret the same news article very differently, each finding evidence to support their own views.
  • Social Media Bubbles: Algorithms often show us content that aligns with our interests, reinforcing our existing beliefs and making it harder to see other perspectives.
  • Scientific Research: Even scientists can fall prey to confirmation bias, unintentionally designing experiments or interpreting data in ways that support their favored hypotheses.

Confirmation bias can make us stubbornly cling to our beliefs even when faced with contradictory evidence, hindering our ability to learn and grow.

Combating the Biases

Awareness is the first step. By recognizing these biases, we can start to question our assumptions and challenge our own thinking. Here are some additional tips:

  • Diversify Your Sources: Seek out information from different viewpoints, especially those you disagree with. This can help broaden your perspective and challenge your assumptions.
  • Play Devil’s Advocate: Intentionally argue against your own beliefs. This can help you see potential flaws in your reasoning and consider alternative explanations.
  • Embrace Discomfort: Seek out challenging information and experiences. This can help break down your echo chamber and expand your understanding of the world.

The Takeaway

Availability heuristic and confirmation bias are deeply ingrained in our cognitive machinery. While they can serve us well in many situations, they can also lead us astray. By being aware of these biases and actively challenging our own thinking, we can make more informed decisions and navigate the world with greater clarity.

Christians and Liberty

May 6, 2024 / / 0 Comments

Christian Libertarians: A Fusion of Faith and Freedom

Libertarian Christians are a group of people who combine their faith in Christianity with libertarian political beliefs. They believe that the Bible supports a free society that emphasizes individual liberty.

Libertarian Christians believe that the government’s role should be limited. They generally oppose high taxes and government regulation of businesses. They also support individual rights, such as the right to free speech and gun ownership.

Some of the core principles of Christian libertarianism include:

  • Individual liberty: Libertarian Christians believe that people should be free to make their own choices about their lives as long as they do not harm others.
  • Limited government: They believe that the government’s role should be limited to protecting individual rights and national security.
  • Social justice: Libertarian Christians believe that all people are created equal and deserve to be treated with dignity.
  • Property rights: They believe that people have the right to own property and keep the fruits of their labor.

Christian libertarians draw on the Bible to support their beliefs. They point to passages that emphasize individual freedom and responsibility. For example, they cite verses that talk about the importance of free will and the evils of tyranny.

Libertarian Christians believe that their faith calls them to promote liberty and justice in the world. They believe that a free society is the best way to allow people to flourish and live according to their God-given potential.

Of course, Christian libertarianism is not without its critics. Some people argue that it is impossible to reconcile libertarianism with Christian social teachings. Others argue that libertarianism would lead to a society that is unequal and unjust.

Despite these criticisms, Christian libertarianism is a growing movement. More and more Christians are coming to believe that their faith is compatible with libertarian political principles.

Websites reviewed

  1. libertarianchristians.com/
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